Cumulative Impacts • Automation of business processes through the increased use of AI models may lead to job loss and other adverse impacts on workers. Relevant Human Rights Instruments Relevant human rights for this impact area include, but are not limited to: • Right to desirable work: Article 23 of the UDHR states, “Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.” • Right to non-discrimination: Article 2 of the UDHR states, “Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” • Human autonomy and dignity: Article 1 of the UDHR states, “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.” • Right to freedom of thought: Article 18 of the UDHR states, “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.” Assessment of Severity and Management Factors Severity: Worker-centered design issues are relevant for all B2B SaaS services; the scope of impact includes all direct users of SaaS services. Depending on the impact, its scale can be high, and some impacts may not be remediable. Likelihood and management factors: The likelihood of impacts related to worker-centered design issues and their management may change based on different characteristics: • Level of automation involved: AI and ML technologies can amplify the impacts on workers. Consequently, when a SaaS service incorporates automation, the likelihood of risk increases. Note on attribution: SaaS providers would be more closely connected to impacts on workers, who are the direct users of their service, compared to impacts on end-users. 29 Human Rights Assessment of the Software-as-a-Service Sector