5 Key Observations This section provides high-level insights and observations that arose during the HRIA and that in昀氀u- enced BSR’s analysis of human rights impacts and appropriate actions to address them. These are presented in four categories: 6. The Lantern Program and OCSEA 7. Human Rights Risk Factors 8. Participation and Participant Engagement 9. Governance of the Lantern Program Many of these observations highlight issues, challenges, and dilemmas that exist for both the Tech Coali- tion and the technology industry more broadly, and provide context and background for the HRIA. 5.1 The Lantern Program and OCSEA • The Lantern Program has the potential to 昀椀ll a key gap in the approach to child safety and protection. Currently, tech companies primarily address OCSEA risks via individual actions, 17: (1) through their content moderation efforts, including the use of hash-based detection including tools and machine learning classi昀椀ers to detect CSAM; (2) implementing safety interventions, such as age veri昀椀cation and prevention / deterrence messaging targeting potential victims and those seeking to do harm; and (3) once OCSEA cases are identi昀椀ed, by conducting threat investigations and reporting to relevant authorities as part of their legal obligations in different jurisdictions (e.g., to NCMEC in the US). However, research suggests that OCSEA perpetrators are increasingly operating across multiple plat- forms in an effort to avoid detection. For example, after meeting a child on a social media platform or online forum, a perpetrator may ask the child to move their conversation to a private or encrypted 18 This cross-platform nature of the crime necessitates an additional and collabo- messaging service. rative approach to the industry’s existing content moderation efforts. The Lantern Program aims to address this critical need and strengthen existing efforts to 昀椀ght OCSEA. • The Lantern Program can help companies address some of the most severe adverse human 17 Harnessing the Power of Industry Collaboration: Tech Coalition 2022 Annual Report. 18 Online Grooming: Examining Risky Encounters Amid Everyday Digital Socialization. BSR TECH COALITION HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT ASSESSMENT 23